State News : Texas

Nermin Awad-El-Hadik, owner of the Hope Pharmacy in Houston, appeared before a U.S. Magistrate Judge in Austin on November 9, 2016 and pleaded guilty to one count of willful offer and payment of illegal remuneration in relation to a federal health care program.

El-Hadik admitted to paying more than $5 million in kickbacks to Austin chiropractor Garry Craighead, D.C. during a short period between March 2015 and December 2015. Craighead operated the Union Treatment Centers with eight clinics in Texas. El-Hadik paid kickbacks to Craighead to refer federally insured employees to her pharmacy to have their prescriptions filled and for influencing physicians to prescribe compounded drugs that would be filled at her pharmacy. She faces up to five years in prison when she appears before Judge Sam Sparks for sentencing.

The wife and children of a deceased claimant brought wrongful death and survival claims against the third-party administrator that adjusted his workers’ compensation claim. The claimant was a ventilator dependent quadriplegic. Attorneys for the wife and children alleged that repeated requests were made to the administrator for a specialized bed for the claimant; that these requests were either ignored or refused; and that the failure to provide the specialized bed resulted in the claimant’s death. The Texarkana Court of Appeals noted that it’s not clear from their allegations whether they received a denial or no response at all. The Court stated that either way though, the matter could and should have been submitted to the Division. Yet, there is no allegation that they even attempted to exhaust their administrative remedies prior to filing suit. The Court dismissed their suit on the grounds that their claims were barred by the exclusive remedy provision of the Texas Labor Code and the wife and children were required to exhaust their administrative remedies. Having failed to do so, the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction.

Freeman v. JI Specialty Services, Inc., No. 06-15-00106-CV, 2016 WL 6503847 (Tex. App.–Texarkana, Nov. 3, 2016).

Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine founded by Daniel David ("D.D.") Palmer at the end of the 19^th century. Palmer worked as a magnetic healer prior to founding chiropractic. In 1895, he met a man with severely impaired hearing. Palmer discovered a lump in his back and claimed that he restored the man’s hearing by adjusting his spine. This led Palmer to develop the theory of chiropractic which is that the underlying cause of all diseases of the body is misalignment of the bones, primarily of the spinal vertebrae. Palmer explained, "A subluxated vertebra ... is the cause of 95 percent of all diseases ... The other five percent is caused by displaced joints other than those of the vertebral column." These subluxations of the vertebrae are treated by manipulating the spinal joints to correct "nerve flow." Palmer opened the Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1897 to teach his techniques. The theory of chiropractic does not have a scientific basis yet it has managed to survive to the present. Today, Palmer’s adherents are heavily involved in the examination and treatment of Texas injured workers, with 365 chiropractors certified to perform designated doctor examinations as of September 2016.

On October 19, 2016, Travis County District Court Judge Rhonda Hurley signed a final judgment in favor of the Texas Medical Association (TMA) in its latest lawsuit against the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners (TBCE). Judge Hurley declared void TBCE rules that permit chiropractors to make medical diagnoses and to perform vestibular-ocular-nystagmus (VON) testing.

Judge Hurley determined that the TBCE rule authorizing certain chiropractors to perform VON testing exceeds the scope of chiropractic as defined by the Texas Legislature. She also determined that the TBCE’s definition of "musculoskeletal system" to include "nerves," its definition of "subluxation complex" as a "neuromusculoskeletal condition," and its use of the term "diagnosis" in its scope of practice rule, all exceed the scope of chiropractic, and are therefore void.

The TBCE’s website states that the Board voted to appeal Judge Hurley’s decision. If her decision is affirmed on appeal, it could have implications in workers’ compensation cases where a chiropractor diagnoses a condition outside their scope of practice to do so.

TMA previously brought another successful lawsuit against the TBCE challenging its rules that permitted chiropractors to perform needle EMG and manipulation under anesthesia. Travis County District Court Judge Stephen Yelenosky declared the rules void because they exceeded the statutory scope of chiropractic practice and, therefore, constituted the unlawful practice of medicine. The Austin Court of Appeals affirmed, in an opinion issued July 6, 2012.

The Texas Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine has also brought suit against the TBCE. They seek a declaration that the TBCE rule authorizing chiropractors to perform acupuncture is invalid. That case is presently pending in Travis County District Court.

On December 2, 2016, Travis County District Court Judge Stephen Yelenosky will hear the appeal of the decision from the State Office of Administrative Hearings (SOAH) in the lead group of air ambulance fee disputes between various workers’ compensation carriers and PHI Air Medical. SOAH Judge Craig Bennett ruled in favor of the carriers in 2015 when he held that the federal Airline Deregulation Act does not preempt Texas workers’ compensation laws that govern the amount of reimbursement paid to air ambulance providers for transporting injured workers. Judge Yelenosky will decide whether that decision is correct. The Division has intervened in support of the carriers’ position on preemption. Judge Yelenosky is retiring at the end of the year so his decision is expected before then.

On December 7, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in New Orleans will hear oral argument inAir Evac EMS, Inc. v. State of Texas, Department of Insurance, Division of Workers’ Compensation. Air Evac, another large for-profit air ambulance provider, filed a declaratory judgment lawsuit against the Division based on the SOAH decision in the lead group of fee disputes with PHI Air Medical. The suit was filed in federal district court in Austin, Texas. Air Evac sought a declaration that the ADA preempts Texas workers’ compensation laws that govern the amount of reimbursement paid to air ambulance providers for services provided to injured workers and therefore, the Division must order carriers to pay its unregulated billed charges.

The carriers in the PHI Air Medical case intervened in Air Evac’s lawsuit. The carriers and Division moved to dismiss on the grounds that Air Evac has no right to bring suit in federal court but that even if it did, Air Evac’s lawsuit should still be dismissed to allow the preemption issue to be decided in the state proceedings where that issue was litigated for the last three years. Federal District Court Judge Sam Sparks granted the motions and dismissed Air Evac’s lawsuit. Air Evac appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit to determine whether Judge Sparks was correct to dismiss the case. If it rules he was not, the case will go back to Judge Sparks for further proceedings consistent with the court’s ruling. Oral argument is set in the case on December 7, 2016.

There were 643 air ambulance disputes pending at the Division as of October 21, 2016, by far the single largest category of medical fee disputes. Additionally, there are around 130 more cases pending at SOAH. In April, Commissioner Brannan announced that he directed Division staff to abate all air ambulance disputes until the final outcome of the litigation regarding federal preemption. The number of disputes pending at the Division will continue to grow as more disputes are filed at a rate of about 30 per month.

This month US Labor Secretary Thomas Perez released the highly anticipated report on workers’ compensation entitledDoes The Workers’ Compensation System Fulfill Its Obligations to Injured Workers?The report’s answer to that question is “no,” and it cites deficiencies  in the workers’ compensation system and ominously recommends that legislators consider “whether to increase the federal role in oversight of workers’ compensation programs.” 

We note with interest that the report commented on the recent Workers’ Compensation Summit, stating that “a gathering of diverse workers’ compensation experts in a self-styled summit concluded that benefit adequacy, system failures, and delays in medical treatment were the three foremost issues requiring action.” Our own Jane Stone was one of those “diverse workers compensation experts” that participated in the Summit. 

More information regarding the Summit is available at
Workerscompensationcentral.com. 

The owner of a health clinic has pleaded guilty to insurance fraud after billing comp carriers for medical services even though the clinic had no licensed doctor on its staff. Rosemary Phelan, owner of Houston Healthcare Clinic, was sentenced to seven years deferred adjudication and ordered to pay $88,000 in restitution. 

A joint investigation by the TDI-DWC and Texas Mutual Insurance Company led to the guilty plea. According to DWC, the clinic had a licensed doctor on staff at one time, but when that doctor left in 2012 the clinic began hiring unlicensed, foreign medical students to act as doctors and treat patients. Phelan reportedly submitted $166,843 in fraudulent workers’ compensation claims, involving more than 50 workers, claiming they had been treated by the clinic’s previous doctor.  

This month the TDI published its 2016 Workers’ Compensation Network Report Card. The report card assesses health care costs and utilization, employee access and satisfaction of care, and return-to-work outcomes. According to TDI, the report card results show that “networks continue to experience improvements in average claim costs and outcomes when compared to non-network claims and to previous years.”

Compound cream fraud isn’t just a comp problem. It’s everywhere. The U.S. Attorney’s office for the Northern District of Texas announced this month the arrest of nine defendants in connection with their roles in a $100 million health care fraud conspiracy perpetrated against TRICARE, the health insurance program for members of the military and their families. The defendants allegedly defrauded TRICARE in connection with the prescription of compounded pain and scar creams by, among other things, paying kickbacks to prescribing physicians. 

One doctor in El Paso allegedly wrote thousands of prescriptions for compounded drugs to TRICARE beneficiaries whom he had never met in person and for whom he conducted only a cursory consultation via telephone. In the nine-month period from October 2014 to June 2015 TRICARE reportedly paid more than $102 million for compounded drug prescriptions generated by some of the defendants.

Did you catch that? $102million in a nine month period. These are taxpayer dollars we’re talking about. Think about that the next time you look at the "Federal Withholding" deduction on your paycheck stub. 

This month the Occupational Safety and Health Administration issued a memorandum which seeks to clarify the extent to which OSHA will consider post-accident drug and alcohol testing to be a violation of federal regulations.  

The memorandum addresses questions that have arisen about a rule that OSHA published in May. That rule, theElectronic Recordkeeping Rule, prohibits retaliation against employees who report workplace injuries and illnesses. In comments to that rule OSHA previously stated that the rule “does prohibit employers from using drug testing (or the threat of drug testing) as a form of adverse action against employees who report injuries or illnesses.” Those comments ignited a firestorm, and since then there has been debate as to whether all post-accident drug or alcohol testing is now prohibited.

In the new memorandum, dated October 19, 2016, OSHA’s answer to that question is “no.” It explains that the rule does not prohibit  employers from drug testing employees who report work-related injuries “so long as they have an objectively reasonable basis for testing.” According to OSHA, when assessing whether the basis for testing is objectively reasonable, “the central inquiry will be whether the employer had a reasonable basis for believing that drug use by the reporting employee could have contributed to the injury.” If so, says OSHA, it would be objectively reasonable to subject the employee to a drug test. Conversely, says OSHA, “drug testing an employee whose injury could not possibly have been caused by drug use would likely violate” the rule. 

Enforcement of the rule originally was scheduled to begin in August 2016 but OSHA has delayed it to December 1, 2016.